![]() He often wrote for the lay public compared to Freud or Jung, whose writings tend to be exclusively academic. Adler's popularity was related to the comparative optimism and comprehensibility of his ideas. Adler was concerned with overcoming the superiority/inferiority dynamic and was one of the first psychotherapists to discard the analytic couch in favour of two chairs whereby the clinician and patient could sit together more or less as equals. In adults the therapy relied on the exclusion of blame or a superior attitude by the practitioner, the reduction of resistance by raising awareness of individual behaviour and the refusal to become adversarial. Therapeutically his methods avoided the concentration on adult psychology by attempting to pre-empt future problems in the child by encouraging and promoting social interest and also by avoiding pampering, neglect, and especially corporal punishment. Post-war his influence increased greatly into the 1930s, he established a number of child guidance clinics from 1921 and was a frequent lecturer in Europe and the United States, becoming a visiting professor at Columbia University in 1927. Trotsky's biography mentions his having discussions with Alfred Adler in Vienna.Īdler becomes a well known figure in psychiatry Īdler's efforts were halted by World War I, during which he served as a doctor with the Austrian Army. Moreover, Freud did not share Adler's socialist beliefs. The dynamics of power and compensation extend beyond sexuality and the arena of gender and politics are important considerations that go beyond libido. The primary differences between Adler and Freud centred on Adler's contention that the social realm (exteriority) is as important to psychology as is the internal realm (interiority). Nevertheless, even with dream interpretation, Adler had his own theoretical and clinical approach. Their enmity aside, Adler retained a lifelong admiration of Freud's ideas on dreams and credited him for creating a scientific approach to their clinical utilisation (Fiebert, 1997). Adler's group initially included some orthodox Nietzschean adherents (who believed that Adler's ideas on power and inferiority were closer to Nietzsche than were Freud's). Adler founded the Society of Individual Psychology in 1912 after his break from the psychoanalytic movement. He wanted to prove that he had never been a disciple of Freud's but rather that Freud had sought him out to share his ideas. In 1929 Adler showed a reporter with the New York Herald a copy of the faded postcard that Freud had sent him in 1902. ![]() It is commonly suggested that Adler was once "a pupil of Freud's", however this suggestion is a myth they were colleagues. During his association with Freud, Adler frequently maintained his own ideas which often diverged from Freud's. This departure suited both Freud and Adler since they had grown to dislike each other. ![]() He remained a member of the Society until 1911 when he and a group of supporters formally disengaged, the first of the great dissenters from Freudian psychoanalysis (preceding Carl Jung's notorious split in 1914). A long serving member of the group, Adler became President of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society eight years later ( 1910). This group was the early inception of the psychoanalytic movement ( Mittwochsgesellschaft or the "Wednesday Society"). They met regularly on Wednesday evenings at Freud's home with membership expanding over time. ![]() In 1901 Adler received a letter from Sigmund Freud inviting him to join an informal discussion group that included Max Kahane, Rudolf Reitler, and Wilhelm Stekel.
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